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Explain buffer solutions and their types...

Explain buffer solutions and their types.

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Buffer solutions : The solutions which resist change in the pH of solution on the addition of small amount of acid or base are called buffer solutions.
Types of buffer solutions
Buffer solutions are of two types : (i) Acidic buffer (ii) Basic buffer.
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What is ‘buffer solution’ ?

Fixed volume of 0.1 M benzoic acid (pK_(a)=4.2) solution is added into 0.2 M sodium benzoate solution and formed a 300 mL, resultant acidic buffer solution. If pH of this buffer solution is 4.5 then find added volume of benzoic acid :

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Solution of a weak acid and its anion (that is,its conjugate base) or of a base and its common cation are buffered. When we add a small amount of acid or base to any one of the, the pH of solution change very little. pH of buffer solution can be computed as for acidic buffer : pH=pK_(a)+ log.(["Conjugate base"])/(["Acid"]) for basic buffer : pOH=pK_(b)+log.(["Conjugate acid"])/([Base]) It is generly accepted that a has useful buffer cpacity (pH change resisting power) provided that the value of [salt or conjugate base] /[acid] for acidic buffer lies within the range of 1 : 10 to 1. Buffer capacity is maximum when [conjugate base] = [acid] Calculater the pH of a solution made by adding 0.01 mole of HCl in 100 mL of a solution which is 0.2 M in NH_(3)(pK_(b)=4.74) and 0.3 M in NH_(4)^(+) : (Assuming no change in volume )

Solution of a weak acid and its anion (that is,its conjugate base) or of a base and its common cation are buffered. When we add a small amount of acid or base to any one of the, the pH of solution change very little. pH of buffer solution can be computed as for acidic buffer : pH=pK_(a)+ log.(["Conjugate base"])/(["Acid"]) for basic buffer : pOH=pK_(b)+log.(["Conjugate acid"])/([Base]) It is generly accepted that a has useful buffer cpacity (pH change resisting power) provided that the value of [salt or conjugate base] /[acid] for acidic buffer lies within the range of 1 : 10 to 1. Buffer capacity is maximum when [conjugate base] = [acid] Useful buffer range of weak acid HA(K_(a)=10^(-5)) is :

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OMEGA PUBLICATION-EQUILIBRIUM -Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
  1. Explain buffer solutions and their types.

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  2. List the value of n and l for the following orbitals : 4s

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  3. For the reaction , 2HI hArr H(2) + I(2)

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  4. Equilibrium constant for the reaction 2NO(g) + Cl(2)(g) hArr 2NOCl(g) ...

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  5. k(1) and k(2) are the velocity constants of forward and backward react...

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  6. The number of electrons present in 3d of Cu+ is ........

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  7. Consider the reaction 2CO(g)+O(2)(g)hArr2CO(2)(g)+Heat Under what co...

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  8. Using s, p, d notations, describe the orbital with the quantum number....

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  9. Using s, p, d notations, describe the orbital with the quantum number....

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  10. Which of the following is strongest acid ?

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  11. What is the structural formula of 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane?

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  12. What is the structural formula of 2-Chlorobutane?

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  13. What is the structural formula of 1-Chloro-3-methylpentane?

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  14. What is the structural formula for 1-Chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane?

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  15. What is the structural formula for Ethylene dibromide?

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  16. What is the structural formula of 1-Bromo-2,3-dichlorobutane?

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  17. The pH indicators are

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  18. What is incorrect about buffer solution ?

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  19. Precipitation takes place when the ionic product

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  20. Which of the following is an example of heterogeneous equilibrium ?

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  21. For the reaction, a A + b B rarr Products. According to law of mass ac...

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