The product when glycerol reacts with `PCl_(5)` is :

Options

A. 1, 2, 3 - trichloropropane
B. glycero monochlorohydrin
C. glycero dichlorohydrin
D. all of these

Explanation

To determine the product when glycerol reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Structure of Glycerol
Glycerol, also known as glycerin, has the chemical formula C3H8O3. Its structure can be represented as:
- CH2OH
- CH(OH)
- CH2OH

This shows that glycerol contains three hydroxyl (–OH) groups.

### Step 2: Reaction with PCl5
When glycerol reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), the hydroxyl groups (–OH) in glycerol are replaced by chlorine atoms (–Cl). PCl5 is a reagent that converts alcohols into alkyl halides.

### Step 3: Replacement of Hydroxyl Groups
In the reaction:
- Each hydroxyl group in glycerol will be replaced by a chlorine atom.
- Therefore, the three hydroxyl groups in glycerol will be replaced by three chlorine atoms.

### Step 4: Write the Product Structure
The product formed will have the following structure:
- CH2Cl (from the first –OH)
- CHCl (from the second –OH)
- CH2Cl (from the third –OH)

This leads to the final structure of the product being:
- CH2Cl-CHCl-CH2Cl

### Step 5: Naming the Product
The compound formed is known as 1,2,3-trichloropropane, or it can also be referred to as glycerol trichloride.

### Step 6: Byproducts of the Reaction
In addition to the trichloropropane, the reaction also produces phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as byproducts.

### Final Answer
The product when glycerol reacts with PCl5 is **1,2,3-trichloropropane** (or glycerol trichloride).

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