Define bottle neck effect.

Define photovoltaic effect .

Define Joule-Thomson effect

Define edge effect with an example.

Define zener effect.

Give reasons for the following. a. Frog tadpole excretes ammonia, adult frog excreles urea. b. The chemical composition of DNA in almost all animals is similar. c. For energy production all animals depend upon glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle d. Connecting links play an important role in understanding the concept of organic evolution. e. Change in germ cells is heritable. f. Genetic drift is also known as bottle neck phenomenon.