Which of the following will be obtained first from the fractional distillation of crude oil?

Options

A. Bitumen
B. Lubrication oil
C. Kerosene
D. Fuel gas

Answer

To determine which substance is obtained first from the fractional distillation of crude oil, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is a process used to separate a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on different boiling points. In the case of crude oil, it is heated, and the various components are separated as they vaporize at different temperatures.

**Hint:** Remember that different components of crude oil have different boiling points.

### Step 2: Identify Components of Crude Oil
Crude oil consists of various hydrocarbons, including gases, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and heavier oils. Each of these components has a specific boiling point range.

**Hint:** Think about the order of boiling points for different hydrocarbons.

### Step 3: Determine the First Component to Evaporate
During fractional distillation, the component with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first. In the case of crude oil, the first component that is typically obtained is the lighter fractions, which include gases such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

**Hint:** Consider which hydrocarbons are gases at room temperature.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Thus, the first substance that is obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil is typically the lighter hydrocarbons, particularly gases like propane and butane.

**Final Answer:** The first component obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil is the lighter hydrocarbons, primarily gases.