What of the following options shows the correct arrangement of different substances with increasing pH values ?

Options

A. Ammonium hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, lactic acid and sulphuric acid
B. Sulphuric acid , lactic acid , sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide
C. Potassium hydroxide , calcium hydroxide , acetic acid and hydrochloric acid
D. Hydrochloric acid , acetic acid , ammonium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide

Explanation

To determine the correct arrangement of different substances with increasing pH values, we need to understand the pH scale and the nature of the substances involved. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where:

- A pH less than 7 indicates an acid.
- A pH of 7 indicates a neutral substance.
- A pH greater than 7 indicates a base.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Nature of Each Substance:**
- **Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)**: Strong acid, pH < 7.
- **Lactic Acid (C₃H₆O₃)**: Weak acid, pH < 7 but greater than that of sulfuric acid.
- **Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)**: Strong acid, pH < 7.
- **Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH)**: Weak acid, pH < 7 but greater than that of hydrochloric acid.
- **Ammonium Hydroxide (NH₄OH)**: Weak base, pH > 7.
- **Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)**: Strong base, pH > 7.
- **Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)**: Strong base, pH > 7.
- **Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)**: Strong base, pH > 7.

2. **Arrange the Acids in Increasing pH:**
- The strong acids will have lower pH values than weak acids. Thus, we can arrange:
- H₂SO₄ < HCl < C₃H₆O₃ < CH₃COOH

3. **Arrange the Bases in Increasing pH:**
- Among the bases, the order will be:
- NH₄OH < NaOH < KOH < Ca(OH)₂

4. **Combine the Arrangements:**
- Now, we combine the acids and bases in order of increasing pH:
- H₂SO₄ < HCl < C₃H₆O₃ < CH₃COOH < NH₄OH < NaOH < KOH < Ca(OH)₂

5. **Final Arrangement:**
- The final arrangement of substances in increasing pH is:
- H₂SO₄ < HCl < C₃H₆O₃ < CH₃COOH < NH₄OH < NaOH < KOH < Ca(OH)₂

### Conclusion:
The correct option that shows the arrangement of different substances with increasing pH values is Option 4, which includes the correct sequence of acids and bases.