Vegetable oils which are liquid at room temperature, can be converted to solid ghee by the presence of

Options

A. dehydrogenation
B. hydrogenation
C. halogenation
D. dehydration

Explanation

To convert liquid vegetable oils, which are unsaturated fats, into solid ghee, we need to undergo a specific chemical process. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the process:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Nature of Vegetable Oils**:
- Vegetable oils are typically liquid at room temperature and contain unsaturated fatty acids, which means they have double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains.

2. **Understand the Process of Hydrogenation**:
- Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen (H₂) to unsaturated fats (oils) to convert them into saturated fats (solids).
- This process reduces the number of double bonds in the fatty acid chains.

3. **Presence of a Catalyst**:
- The hydrogenation process requires a catalyst to proceed efficiently. The most commonly used catalyst for this reaction is nickel (Ni).
- The catalyst helps to speed up the reaction without being consumed in the process.

4. **The Reaction**:
- When hydrogen is added to the unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of nickel catalyst, the double bonds in the fatty acids are broken, and hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms.
- This results in the formation of saturated fats, which are solid at room temperature, thereby producing ghee.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the conversion of liquid vegetable oils to solid ghee can be achieved through the process of hydrogenation, specifically using nickel as a catalyst.

### Final Answer:
The process involved in converting liquid vegetable oils to solid ghee is called **Hydrogenation**.

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