Doping mens introduction of small amount of impurities like phosphorus , arsenic or boron into the pure crystal . In pure silicon , ther are four valenices used in bonding with other four adjacent silicon crystal is doped with a group -15 element ( with five valence electron ) such as P, As , or Bi , the structure of the crystal lattic remains unchanged . Out of the five valence electron of group -15 doped element four element are used in normal covalent bonding with silicon while fiffth electron is delcoasiled and thus conducts electricity
Doping a silicon crystal with a group -13 element (with three valence electrons ) such as B, Al, Ga or In products a semiconductor with three electrons in in dopant . The place where fourth electron is missing is called an electron vacancy or hole . Such hole can move throught the crystal like a positive charge giving rise conduction of electricity.
Silicon that has been dopend with group - 15 elements is called :