Write the reason for the stability of colloidal sols.

Colloidal sol is :

The particles of colloidal solution possess electrical charge which is responsible for the stability of these solutions. The charge on colloidal particles arises because of selective adsorption of ions which are common with their own lattice. The presence of charge on colloidal part!cles can be determined with the help of phenomenon known as electrophoresis. However, when some electrolyte is added, the charge on the particles of dispersed phase gets neutralized and precipitation takes place. This process is also called coagulation. The coagulation is given by Hardy Schulze rules. According to these rules the ions carrying the charge opposite to that of sol particles are effective and coagulating power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the fourth power of the valency of the ion. Coagulation can also occur by mutual precipitation, by electrophoresis, by persistent dialysis or by heating or cooling. Which charge is responsible for stability of colloidal particles ?

Read the following passage and answer the questions. When colloidal solutions are viewed under a powerful ultramicroscope, the colloidal particles appear to be in a state of continuous zig-zag motion all over the field of view. This motion was first observed by the British botanist, Robert Brown, and is known as Brownian movement. This motion is independent of the nature of the colloid but depends on the size of the particles and viscosity of the solution. Smaller the size and lesser the viscosity, faster is the motion. The Brownian movement has been explained to be clue to the unbalanced bombardment of the particles by the molecules of the dispersion medium. The Brownian movement has a stirring effect which does not permit the particles to settle and thus, is responsible for the stability of sots. What is the role of Brownian movement in the stability of sols ?

Write the factors affecting the stability of Complex Ion.

Write the order of thermal stability of the hydrides of Group 16 elements.

Give reason: Special type of filter paper are used for filteration of colloidal solutions.

Read the given passage and answers following questions : The particles of colloidal solution possess electrical charge which is responsible for the stability of these solutions. The charge on colloidal particles arises because of selective adsorption of ions which are common with their own lattice. The presence of charge on colloidal particles can be determined with the help of phenomenon known as electrophoresis. However, when some electrolyte is added, the charge on the particles of, dispersed phase gets neutralized and precipitation takes place. This process is also called coagulation. The coagulation is given by Hardy Schulze rules. According to these rules the ions carrying the charge opposite to that of sol particles are effective and coagulating power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the fourth power of the valency of the ion. Coagulation can also occur by mutual precipitation , by electrophoresis, by persistent dialysis or by heating or cooling. Answer the following questions : Which electrolyte is most effective for coagulating Fe(OH)3 sol?

coagultion is the process by which the dispersed phase of a colloid is made to aggregate and thereby separtate from the continuous phase. The minimum concetration of an eletrolyte in milli-moles per litre of the electrolyte solution which required to cause the caogultion of colloidal sol is called coagution value . therefroe higher is the coagulatings power of effective ion, smaller will be the coagultion value of the electrolyte. the ability of an ion to bring about coagulation of a given colloid depends upon :