Answer the following questions: As you have learnt in the text, the principle of linear superposition f wave displacement is basic to understanding intensity distributions in diffraction and interference patterns.What is the justification of this principle?

Answer the following questions: You have learnt that plane and convex mirrors produce virtual images of objects. Can they produce real images under some circumstances? Explain.

Answer the following questions: In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double-slit experiment?

Answer the following questions: Ray optics is based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line. Diffraction effects (observed when light propagates through small apertures/slits or around small obstacles) disprove this assumption. Yet the ray optics assumption is so commonly used in understanding location and several other properties of images in optical instruments. What is the justification?

Answer the following questions, which help you understand the difference between Thomson and rutherford- Keeping other factors fixed, it is found experimentally that for small thickness t, the number of alpha -particles scattered at moderate angles is proportional to t. What clue does this linear dependence on t provide?

These questions consist of two statement each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses. A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion. C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false. D. If both Assertion and Reason are false. Assertion: The fungi are widespread in distribution and they even live on inside other plants and animals. Reason. Fungi are able to grow anywhere on land, water or other organisms because they have a variety of pigments including chlorophyll, carotenoids, fucoxanthin and phycoerythrin.

Classically, an electron can be in any orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Then what determines the typical atomic size? Why is an atom not, say, thousand times bigger than its typical size? The question had greatly puzzled Bohr before he arrived at his famous model of the atom that you have learnt in the text. To simulate what he might well have done before his discovery, let us play as follows with the basic constants of and see if we can get a quantity with the dimensions of length that is roughly equal to the known of an atom (~ 10^ -10 m).- Construct a quantity with the dimensions of length from the fundamental constants e, m_e , and c. Determine its numerical value.

In these question, a statement of asertion followed by a statement of reason is given .Choose the correct answer out of the following choices: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement. Assertion:In Young's double slit experiment,the two slits are at distnace d apart.Interference pattern is obsreved on the screen .When it is directly opposite to one of the slits a dark fringe is observed.Then,the wavelength of the wave is proportional to the square of th distnce fo the slits. Reason:For a dark fringe,the i ntensity is zero.

classically an electron can be in any orbit around nucleus of an atom. Then what determines the typical atomic size? Why is an atom not, say, thousand times bigger than its typical size? Thequestion had greatly puzzled Bohr before he arrived at his famous model of the atom that you have learnt in the text. To simulate what he might well have done before his discovery, let us play as followswith the basic constants of nature e, me, c and see if we can get a quantity with the dimensions of length that is roughly equal to the known size of an atom (~ 10 m).- You will find that the length obtained above is many orders of magnitude smaller than the atomic dimensions. Further, it involves c. But energies of atoms are mostly in non-relativistic domain where c is not expected to play any role. This is what may have suggested Bohr to discard c and look for else h had already made its appearance elsewhere. Bohr lay in recognising that h, m_e , and e will yield the right atomic size. Construct a quantity with the dimension of length from h, me, and e and confirm that its numerical value has indeed the correct order of magnitude.

ASSERTION TYPE QUESTIONS : These questions consist of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses. A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reasou is not correct explanation of Assertion. C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false. D. If both Assertion and Reason are false. Assertion : Plants have wider range of distribution which are distributed by spores. Reason: Spores are easily dissiminated by water.

You have learnt in the text how Huygens of reflection and refraction. Use the same principle to deduce directly that a point object placed in front of a plane mirror produces a virtual image whose istance from the mirror is equal to the object distance from the mirror.