(a) An X-ray tube produces a continuous spectrum of radiation with its short wavelength end at 0.45 . What is the maximum energy of a photon in the radiation? (b) Form your answer to (a), guess what order of accelerating voltage (for electrons) is required in such a tube.

An X-ray tube produces a continuous spectrum of radiation with its short wavelength end at 0.45 oversetcircA . What is the maximum energy of a photon in the radiation.

The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. For cathode rays the value of e/m:

The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. Which is not true with respect to cathode rays?

The existence of negatively charged particle in an atom was shown by J.J. Thomson as a result of the studies of the passage of electricity through gases at extremely low pressure known as discharge tube experiments. When a high voltage of the order of 10,000 volts or more was impressed across the electrodes, some sort of invisible rays moved from the negative electrode to the positive electrode these rays are called as cathode rays. Cathode rays travel in straight path in absence of electrical and magnetic field . Cathode rays consist of material part and charged particles? Cathode rays produce X-rays and light is emitted when they strike on ZnS screen. Cathode rays penetrate through thin sheets of aluminium and other metals . They affect the photogenic plate and passes heating effect when they strike on metal foil. The raito of charge to mass i.e charge/mass is same for all the cathode rays irrespective of the gas used in the tube. The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown be E. Goldstein. He repeated the same discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. It was observed that when a high potential difference was applied between the electrodes, not only cathode rays were produced but also a new type of rays were produced simultaneoulsy from anode moving towards cathode and passes through the holes or canal of the cathode. These termed as canal rays or anode rays. These rays travel in straight lines and consists of positively charged particles. These rays have kinetic energy and produces heating effect also. The e/m ratio of these rays is smaller than that of electrons. Unlike cathode rays, their e/m value is dependent upon the nature of the gas taken in the tube. These rays produced flashes of light on ZnS screen and can pass throughs thin metal foils. They can produce physical and chemical changes and are capable to produce ionisation in gases. Select the incorrect statement.

The wavelength of a probe is roughly a measure of the size of a structure that it can probe in some detail. The quark structure structure of protons and neutrons appears at the minute length scale of 10^-15m or less. This structure was probed in early 1970's using high energy electron beams produced by a linear accelerator at stanford, USA. Guess what might have been the order of energy of these electrons beams. (Rest mass energy electron=0.511 MeV).

Bohr's model of hydrogen atom In order to explain the stability of atom and its line spectra, Bohr gave a set of postulates: An electron in an atom revolves in certain circular orbit around the nucleus. These are the orbits for which mvr=(nh)/(2pi) In these allowed orbits, the electron does not radiate energy. When an electron jumps from higher energy level E_(n_2) to lower energy orbit E_(n_1) , radiation is emittd and frequency of emitted electron is given by v=(E_(n_2)-E_(n_1))/h . Further the radius of the n^(th) orbit of hydrogen atom is r=(n^2h^24piepsilon_0)/(4pi^2me^2) and energy of the n^(th) orbit is given by E_n=-13.6/n^2 eV . What would happen, if the electron in an atom is stationary?

Radiation of wavelength 180 nm ejects photoelectrons from a plate whose work funcion is 2.0 eV. If uniform magnetic field of flux density 5.0 xx 10^-5 T is applied parallel to the plate, what should be the radius of the path followed by electrons ejected normally from the plate with maximum energy.

Ozone in the upper atmoshphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation which induces the following chemical reaction O_(3)(g)rightarrowO_(2)(g)+O(g) O_(2) produced in the above photochemical dissociation undergoes further dissociation into one normal oxygen atom (O) and more energetic oxygen atom O** . O_(2)(g) rightarrowO+O** (O**) has 1 eV more energy than(O) and normal dissociation energy of O_(2) is 480 kJ "mol"^(-1) . [1 eV/Photon =96 kJ "mol"^(-1) ] What is the maximum wavelength effective for the photochemical dissociation of O_(2) molecule