Aldehydes usually donot form stable hydrates but chloral normally exists as chloral hydrate. Explain.

Anhydrous AlCI_(3) is covalent in nature but hydrated AlCl_(3) is ionic. Explain.

Why do carboxylic acids do not form oximes with NH_2OH (hydroxyl amine) as aldehyde and ketoones form, explain ?

Emulsions are normally prepared by shaking the two components together vigorously although some kind of emulsifiying agent usually has to added to stabilize the product. This emulsifying agent amy be a soap or other sufactant (surface active) sepcies or a lyophilic sol that forms a protective film around the dispersed phase. Emulsion broadly classified into two types: (i) Oil in water emulsions (O/W): Oil acts as dispersed phase and water acts as dispersion medium. (ii). Water in oil emulsion (W/O): Water acts as dispersed phase and oil acts as dispersion medium Due test, dilution test may be emplyoyed for identification of emulsions. Q. Read two statment s: (1) milk is an example of oil in water (O/w) type emulsion (2) cold cream is an example of water in oil (W/O) type emulsion

Emulsions are normally prepared by shaking the two components together vigorously although some kind of emulsifiying agent usually has to added to stabilize the product. This emulsifying agent amy be a soap or other sufactant (surface active) sepcies or a lyophilic sol that forms a protective film around the dispersed phase. Emulsion broadly classified into two types: (i) Oil in water emulsions (O/W): Oil acts as dispersed phase and water acts as dispersion medium. (ii). Water in oil emulsion (W/O): Water acts as dispersed phase and oil acts as dispersion medium Due test, dilution test may be emplyoyed for identification of emulsions. Q. Read two statment s: (1) milk is an example of oil in water (O/w) type emulsion (2) cold cream is an example of water in oil (W/O) type emulsion

Read the given passage and answers following questions : The cleansing action of soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation. Soaps are basically sodium and potassium salts of long chain fatty acids, R-COO- Na^(+) . The end of the molecule to which the sodium is attached is polar in nature, while the alkyl-end is non-polar. Thus, a soap molecule contains a hydrophilic (polar) and a hydrophobic (nonpolar) part. When soap is added to water containing dirt, the soap molecules surround the dirt particles in such a manner that their hydrophobic parts get attached to the dirt molecule and the hydrophilic parts point away from the dirt molecule. This is known as micelle formation. Thus, we can say that the polar group dissolves in water while the non-polar group dissolves in the dirt particle. Now, as these micelles are negatively charged, they do not coalesce and a stable emulsion is formed. How many parts of soaps exist ?

Explain hydrate isomerism with the help of an example.

Earth's orbit is an ellipse with eccentricity 0.0167. Thus, earth's distance from the sun and speed as it moves around the sun varies form day to day. This mean s that the length of the solar day is not constant through the year. Assume that earth's spin axis is normal to its orbital plane and find out the length of the shortest and the longesst day. A day should be taken from noon to noon. Does this explain variation of length of the day during the year?

Explain what is observed :- an electrolyte, NaCl is added to hydrated ferric oxide sol.

A Compound with the empirical formula Co(NH_3)_5 BrSO_4 exists in two forms : red and violet. Solution of red gives a precipitate of AgBr on addition of AgNO_3 . The violet form Sives no precipitate on the addition at AgNO_3 but gives a white precipitate on addition of BaCl_2 solution. From these observations draw the structure of each compound and explain the observations.