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In the modern periodic table, which grou...

In the modern periodic table, which group elements have a complete outer shell ?

A

`15^(th)`

B

`18^(th)`

C

`16^(th)`

D

`17^(th)`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding which group elements in the modern periodic table have a complete outer shell, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understand the Concept of Outer Shell**: - The outer shell of an atom refers to the highest energy level that contains electrons. For an atom to be stable, this outer shell needs to be filled with the maximum number of electrons it can hold. **Hint**: Recall that the maximum number of electrons in the outer shell follows the octet rule, which states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outer shell. 2. **Identify the Groups in the Periodic Table**: - The periodic table is organized into groups (columns). Each group has similar properties. The groups of interest in this question are 15, 16, 17, and 18. **Hint**: Familiarize yourself with the periodic table layout, especially the characteristics of each group. 3. **Analyze Each Group**: - **Group 15**: This group has elements like nitrogen and phosphorus, which do not have a complete outer shell. - **Group 16**: This group includes elements like oxygen and sulfur, which also do not have a complete outer shell. - **Group 17**: This group consists of halogens like fluorine and chlorine, which are one electron short of a complete outer shell. - **Group 18**: This group is known as the noble gases (e.g., helium, neon, argon), which have a complete outer shell filled with electrons. **Hint**: Remember that noble gases are characterized by their lack of reactivity due to their full outer electron shell. 4. **Determine the Correct Group**: - Since only Group 18 elements have a complete outer shell, we conclude that the answer to the question is Group 18. **Hint**: Think about the stability and reactivity of elements; noble gases are stable due to their full outer shells. ### Final Answer: The elements in **Group 18** of the modern periodic table have a complete outer shell.
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