Write a note on thyroid Dysfunctions.

Explanation

when the thyroid gland fails to secrete the normal level of hormones, the condition is called thyroid dysfunction . It leads to the following conditions.
Hypothroidism : It is caused due to the decreased secretion of the thyroid hormones.The abnormal conditions are simple goitre, cretinism and myxoedema.
Goitre:
(i) It is caused due to the inadequate supply of iodine in our diet.
(ii) This is commonly prevalent in Himalayan regions due to low level of iodine content in the soil.
(iii) It leads to the enlargement of thyroid gland which protrudes as a marked swelling in the neck and is called as goitre.
Cretinism:
(i) It is caused due to decreased secretion of the thyroid hormones in children.
(ii) the conditions are stunted growth, mental defect, lack of skeletal development and deformed bones. They are called as cretins.
Myxoedema :
(i) It is caused by deficiency of thyroid hormones in adults.
(ii) They are mentally sluggish , increase in body weight, puffiness of the face and hand, oedematous appearance.
Hyperthyroidism :
(i) It is caused due to the excess secretion of the thyroid hormones which leads to Grave.s disease ( Exopthalmic goitre).
(ii) The symptoms are protrusion of the eyeballs (Exopthalmia) , increased metabolic rate, high body temperature, profuse sweating, loss of body weight and nervousness.