According to Dalton's atomic theory , the smallest particle which is capable of independent existence is

Options

A. element
B. atom
C. molecule
D. ion

Answer

To solve the question regarding Dalton's atomic theory and identify the smallest particle capable of independent existence, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Dalton's Atomic Theory**:
- Dalton proposed that matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. This is the foundation of his atomic theory.

2. **Identify the Key Concept**:
- According to Dalton, the smallest particle that can exist independently is the atom. Atoms are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into smaller particles while retaining their properties.

3. **Evaluate the Options**:
- Option A: Element - An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom, but it is not the smallest particle itself.
- Option B: Atom - This is the correct answer, as it is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
- Option C: Molecule - A molecule is made up of two or more atoms bonded together, so it is larger than an atom.
- Option D: Iron - Iron is a specific element and not a general term for the smallest particle.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on Dalton's atomic theory, the smallest particle capable of independent existence is the **atom**.

### Final Answer:
The smallest particle which is capable of independent existence according to Dalton's atomic theory is **B) atom**.