Explain the various methods of Fossilization.

Explanation

Common methods of fossilization includes petrifaction, molds and cast, carbonization, preservation, compression and infiltration.
Petrifaction: Minerals like silica slowly penetrate in and replace the origil organic tissue and forms a rock like fossil. This method of fossilization can preserve hard and soft parts. Most bones and wood fossils are petrified.
Mold and Cast: A replica of a plant or animal is preserved in sedimentary rocks. When the organism gets buried in sediment it is dissolved by underground water leaving a hollow depression called a mold. It shows the origil shape but does not reveal the interl structure. Minerals or sediment fill the hollow depression and forms a cast.
Preservation: Origil remains can be preserved in ice or amber (tree sap). They protect the organisms from decay. The entire plant or animal is preserved.
Compression: When an organism dies, the hard parts of their bodies settle at the bottom of the sea bed and are covered by sediment. The process ofsedimentation goes on continuously and fossils are formed.
Infiltration or Replacement: The precipitation of minerals takes place which later on infiltrate the cell wall. The process is brought about by several mineral elements such as silica, calcium carbote and magnesium carbote. Hard parts are dissolved and replaced by these minerals.