With a neat labelled diagram explain the techniques involved in gene cloning.

Explanation

In gene cloning, a gene or a piece of DNA fragment is inserted into a bacterial cell where DNA will be multiplied (copied) as the cell divides. A brief outline of the basic steps involved in gene cloning are:
(i) Isolation of desired DNA fragment by using restriction enzymes.
(ii) Insertion of the DNA fragment into a suitable vector (Plasmid) to make rDNA.
(iii) Transfer of rDNA into bacterial host cell (Transformation)
(iv) Selection and multiplication of recombinant host cell to get a clone.
(V) Expression of cloned gene in host cell. Using this strategy several enzymes, hormones and vaccines can be produced.