Explain different types of stem

Explanation

Majority of angiosperm possess upright, vertically growing erect stem. They are (i) Excurrent, (ii) Decurrent, (iii) Caudex, (iv) Culm
(i) Excurrent: The main axis shows continuous growth and the lateral branches graduallybecoming shorter towards the apex which gives a conical appearance to the trees.eg. Polyalthia longifolia, Casuarina.
(ii) Decurrent: The growth of lateral branch is more vigorous than that of main axis. The tree has a rounded or spreading appearance. eg. Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica,Tamarindus indicus, Aegle marmelos
(iii) Caudex: It.s an unbranched, stout, cylindrical stem, marked with scars of fallen leaves.eg. Cocus nucifera, Borassus flabellifermis, Areca catechu.
(iv) Culm: Erect stems with distinct nodes and usually hollow internodes clasped by leaf sheaths.eg. Majority of grasses including Bamboo