How do the grana in chloroplast form? Mention their structure and function.

Explanation

(i) Grana (singular: Granum) are formed when many of these thylakoids are stacked together like pile of coins.
(ii) Light is absorbed and converted into chemical energy in the granum, which is used in stroma to prepare carbohydrates. Thylakoid contain chlorophyll pigments.
(iii) The chloroplast contains osmophilic granules, 70s ribosomes, DNA (circular and non histone) and RNA.
(iv) These chloroplast genome encodes approximately 30 proteins involved in photosynthesis including the components of photosystem I & II, cytochrome bf complex and ATP synthase.
(v) One of the subunits of Rubisco is encoded by chloroplast DNA.
(vi) It is the major protein component of chloroplast stroma, single most abundant protein on earth.
(vii) The thylakoid contain small, rounded photosynthetic units called quantosomes (viii) It is a semi-autonomous organelle and divides by fission.