Explain the events take place at metaphase and anaphase stages of somatic cell division with diagram.

Explanation

Metaphase: Chromosomes (two sister chromatids) are attached to the spindle fibres by kinetochore of the centromere. The spindle fibres is made up of tubulin. The alignment of chromosome into compact group at the equator of the cell is known as metaphase plate. This is the stage where the chromosome morphology can be easily studied. Kinetochore is a DNA-Protein complex present in the centromere DNA where the microtubules are attached. It is a trilaminar disc like plate. The spindle assembly checkpoint which decides the cell to enter anaphase.
For diagram refer Figure 7.2 (Metaphase only).
Anaphase: Each chromosome split simultaneously and two daughter chromatids begins to migrate towards two opposite poles of a cell. Each centromere splits longitudinally into two, freeing the two sister chromatids from each other Shortening of spindle fibre and longitudinal splitting of centromere creates a pull which divides chromosome into two halves. Each half receive two chromatids (that is sister chromatids are separated). When the sister chromatids separate the actual partitioning of the replicated genome is complete.
For diagram refer Figure 7.2 (Anaphase only).