How can we prepare vermicompost bed for culturing earthworms as well as preparing vermicompost and vermiwash ?

Explanation

(i) Vermicompost bed may be selected on upland or an elevated level as it prevents the stagnation of water.
(ii) A cement pit of `3 xx 2 xx 1m " size " (L xx W xx D)` over ground surface using bricks. The size of pit may vary as per availability of raw materials. Cement pot or well rings are practically good. Provision should be made for excess water to drain. The Vermibed should not be exposed to direct sulight and hence shade may be provided. The first layer of vermibed contains gravel at about 5 cm in height, followed by coars sand to a thickness of 3.5 cm, which will facilitate the drainage of excess water.
(iii) Earthworms collected from native soil prefer a layer of local soil in their compost beds. If local soil earthworms are used, add a layer of native loamy soil for about 15 cm on top of the gravel sand layer and introduce earthworms into it.
(iv) The unit can now be loaded with digested biomass or animal dung such as cow dung that has lost its heat. The number of earthworms to be introduced in an unit depends on the size of the vermibed prepared. Earthworms such as Periyonyx. excavatus, Eisenia fetida or Eudrilus eugeniae are introduced on the top. Just bags or cardboards or broad leaves are used to cover the unit. As worms require moisture, water management is most important for the survival of the earthworms. Too little or too much of water is not good for the worms.
(v) Earthworms release their castings on the surface. One can start harvesting this from the surface on noticing the castings on the surface. It may take several days for the entire biomass to be composted depending on the amount of biomass. When all the compost is harvested, earthworms can be handpicked by creating small conical heaps of harvested compost and leaving in sunlight for a few hours. The earthworms then move down and settle at the bottom of the heap as a cluster. Earthworms from the lower layers of the compost can be recovered and the worms can be transferred to new composting units.
(vi) Vermiwash is a liquid collected after the passage of water through a column of vermibed. It is useful as a foliar spray to enhance plant growth and yield.