Write a note on cervical cancer.

Explanation

The cervical cancer is the abnormal growth of cervical cells or cervical dysplasia, caused by a sexually transmitted virus namely Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
The Pelvic pain, increased vaginal discharge and abnormal vaginal bleeding are the symptoms of cervical cancer. Prolonged use of contraceptive pills and having multiple sexual partners are the major risk factors.
Cervical cancer can be diagnosed by a PAP smear (Papanicolaou smear) combined with an HPV test. The stages of cancer can be detected by X-ray, CT scan, MRI and a PET scan. Radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy are the options of treatment for cervical cancer.
The precancerous changes in the cervical region can be detected by modern screening techniques and therefore cervical cancer screening can be done for woman above 30 years of age once in a year. Now vaccination to prevent cervical cancer is available and the HPV vaccination can be given to girls aged between 9-13 years, before they attain puberty. Cervical cancer can be prevented by modification in life style such as having healthy diet, avoiding tobacco usage ,preventing early marriages, practicing monogamy and regular exercise.