Riya tells her students "It is very essential component of life of every living organism, elephants enjoy playing with it very much. Sometimes excess of it can cause flood and scarcity of it causes drought. Pollution of it can cause various diseases in humans". Riya is referring to which of the following thing?

Options

A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Food
D. Food and water

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze the clues provided in Riya's statement:

1. **Essential Component of Life**: Riya mentions that it is a very essential component of life for every living organism. This indicates that the answer is something fundamental to life.

2. **Elephants Enjoy Playing With It**: She specifically states that elephants enjoy playing with it. This suggests that it is something that elephants interact with frequently.

3. **Excess Causes Floods**: Riya states that an excess of it can cause floods. This implies that it is something that can accumulate and lead to overflow.

4. **Scarcity Causes Drought**: She also mentions that scarcity of it can cause drought, indicating that it is something that is necessary for sustaining life and can be in short supply.

5. **Pollution Causes Diseases**: Finally, Riya points out that pollution of it can lead to various diseases in humans, which suggests that it can be contaminated and affect health.

Based on these clues, we can conclude that Riya is referring to **water**.

### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Identify the Essential Component**: Recognize that the component mentioned is vital for all living organisms.
- Hint: Think about what is necessary for survival.

2. **Consider What Elephants Play With**: Reflect on what elephants enjoy and interact with in their natural habitat.
- Hint: Elephants are often found in or near water bodies.

3. **Analyze the Impact of Excess**: Understand the consequences of having too much of this component.
- Hint: What natural disasters are associated with an overflow of a liquid?

4. **Evaluate the Consequences of Scarcity**: Consider what happens when there is not enough of this component.
- Hint: Think about the effects on agriculture and ecosystems when there is little of this resource.

5. **Assess Pollution Effects**: Think about how contamination of this component can lead to health issues.
- Hint: What common resource can be polluted and lead to diseases?

### Final Answer:
Riya is referring to **water**.