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One strould use porcelain and tol metal ...

One strould use porcelain and tol metal containers in a truicrowave oven because...
A. Charge may accumulate on the metal surface and there is danger of getting a shock
B. Porcelain vessels are better conductors of heat and thus food gets cooked quickly.
C. Melal containers might undergo chemical reaction leading to spoilage of food.
D. Porcelain vessels are cheaper than the metal containers.

A

A

B

B

C

C

D

D

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The correct Answer is:
A
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Answer the following: (a) The top of the atmosphere is at about 400 kV with respect to the surface of the earth, corresponding to an electric field that decreases with altitude. Near the surface of the earth, the field is about 100 Vm^(-1) . Why then do we not get an electric shock as we step out of our house into the open? (Assume the house to be a steel cage so there is no field inside!) (b) A man fixes outside his house one evening a two metre high insulating slab carrying on its top a large aluminium sheet of area 1m^(2) . Will he get an electric shock if he touches the metal sheet next morning? (c) The discharging current in the atmosphere due to the small conductivity of air is known to be 1800 A on an average over the globe. Why then does the atmosphere not discharge itself completely in due course and become electrically neutral? In other words, what keeps the atmosphere charged? (d) What are the forms of energy into which the electrical energy of the atmosphere is dissipated during a lightning? (Hint: The earth has an electric field of about 100 Vm^(-1) at its surface in the downward direction, corresponding to a surface charge density = 10^(-9)C m^(-2) . Due to the slight conductivity of the atmosphere up to about 50 km (beyond which it is good conductor), about + 1800 C is pumped every second into the earth as a whole. The earth, however, does not get discharged since thunderstorms and lightning occurring continually all over the globe pump an equal amount of negative charge on the earth.)

When an atom or an ion is missing from its nomal lattice site a lattice vacanecy (Schottky defect) is created. In stoichmeteric ionic crystals, a vacancy of one ion has to be accompanied by the vacancy of the oppositely charge ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality. In a Frenken defect an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial void. This id the Frenkel defect commonly found along with the Schottky defects and interstitial. In pure alkali halides. Frenked defects are not found since the ions cannot get into the interstitial sites. Frenkel defects are found in silver halides because of the small size of the Ag^(+) ion. Unike Schottky defects, Frenkel defect do not change the density of the solids. in certain ionic solids (e.g., AgBr) both schottky and Frenkel defect occur. The Defects idiscussed above do not disturb the stoichiometery of the crystalline material. there is large variety of non-stoichiometric inorganic solids which contains an excess or deficienty of one of the elements. Such solids showing deviations from the ideal stoichiometric composition from an important group of solids. For example in the vanadium oxide, VO_(x),x can be anywehere between 0.6 and 1.3 there are solids such as difficult to prepare in the soichiometric omposition thus, the ideal composition in compounds such as FeO is difficult to obtain (normally we get a compositiion of Fe(0.95) O but it may range from Fe_(0.93) O to Fe_(0.96)O ). Non-stoichiometric behavious is most commonly found for transition metal compounds through is also known for some lathanoids and actinoids. Zinc oxide loses oxygen reversible at high temperature and turns yellow in colour. the excess metal is accomodated interstitial, giving rise to electrons trapped in the neighbourhood, the enchanced electrical conductivity of the non-stoichiometric ZnO arises from these electrons. Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halid crystals in an atmosphere of the alkali metal vapour. when the metal atoms deposit on the surface they diffuse into the cystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy. Electrons trapped i anion vacancies are referred to as F-centers (From Farbe the German word for colouf) that gives rise to interesting colour in alkali halides. Thus, the excess of potassium i KCl makes the crystal appear violet and the excess of lithium in LiCl makes it pink. AgCl is crystallised from molten AgCl containing a little CdCl_(2) . The solid obtained will have:

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