How was insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered?

How was insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology ? Write about various steps involved in production of genetically engineered insulin.

Explain the application of rDNA technology to produce insulin.

The industrial revolution in England and Western Europe more than two centuries ago was triggered by some key scientific and technological advances. What were these advances?

Consult Internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?

What are Nucleases ? Write their significance in rDNA technology.

How many times were you ill in the last one year ? What were the illnesses ? Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any of most of the above illnesses.

What are kulhs?How were these managed?