Why do components of incident white light splits into a spectrum while passing through a glass prism?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding White Light**: White light is composed of multiple colors, which can be observed in a rainbow. These colors include red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

2. **Incident Light on Prism**: When white light strikes a glass prism, it enters the prism at a certain angle. The prism has a specific shape (usually triangular) and is made of a material (glass) that has a different refractive index than air.

3. **Refraction of Light**: As light enters the prism, it slows down due to the higher refractive index of the glass compared to air. This change in speed causes the light to bend, a phenomenon known as refraction.

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