Conditions of a karyotype `2npm1and2npm2` are called

Options

A. aneuploidy
B. polyploidy
C. allopolyploidy
D. monosomy

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the conditions of a karyotype represented as `2n±1` and `2n±2`, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Karyotypes**:
- A karyotype is a complete set of chromosomes in an organism. The notation `2n` refers to the diploid number of chromosomes, where `n` is the number of distinct chromosomes.

2. **Analyzing the Given Notation**:
- The notation `2n±1` indicates a condition where there is either one extra chromosome (2n+1) or one missing chromosome (2n-1).
- Similarly, `2n±2` indicates either two extra chromosomes (2n+2) or two missing chromosomes (2n-2).

3. **Identifying the Type of Chromosomal Abnormality**:
- The conditions `2n±1` and `2n±2` signify an abnormal number of chromosomes, which is a characteristic of **aneuploidy**.
- Aneuploidy occurs when there is a deviation from the normal diploid number of chromosomes due to nondisjunction during cell division.

4. **Types of Aneuploidy**:
- **Monosomy** (2n-1): Loss of one chromosome.
- **Nullisomy** (2n-2): Loss of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
- **Trisomy** (2n+1): Gain of one extra chromosome.
- **Tetrasomy** (2n+2): Gain of an additional homologous pair of chromosomes.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the conditions `2n±1` and `2n±2` are classified as **aneuploidy**.

### Final Answer:
The conditions of a karyotype represented by `2n±1` and `2n±2` are called **aneuploidy**.