Assertion (A): A white light on passing through prism splits into its component colours as such that the red light emerges nearest to the base of the prism.
Reason (R): Wavelength of red light is more than other component colours and hence, red light deviates least.

Options

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false and R is true.

Explanation

To solve the given question, we need to analyze both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion (A)**:
- The assertion states that when white light passes through a prism, it splits into its component colors and that red light emerges nearest to the base of the prism.
- In reality, when white light passes through a prism, it splits into seven colors (Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red) due to refraction. The red light, having the longest wavelength, actually deviates the least and emerges farthest from the base of the prism.

2. **Understanding the Reason (R)**:
- The reason states that the wavelength of red light is more than that of other component colors, and hence red light deviates the least.
- This statement is true. The wavelength of red light is indeed longer than that of the other colors in the visible spectrum. Because of this longer wavelength, red light experiences less refraction (deviation) compared to colors with shorter wavelengths like violet.

3. **Evaluating the Assertion and Reason**:
- Since the assertion claims that red light emerges nearest to the base of the prism, which is incorrect (as red light actually emerges farthest), the assertion is false.
- The reason is true, as it correctly explains the relationship between wavelength and deviation.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The assertion (A) is false, while the reason (R) is true. Therefore, the correct answer is that the assertion is false and the reason is true.

### Final Answer:
- Assertion (A): False
- Reason (R): True