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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Although actinoids are similar to lanthanoids in that their electrons fill the 5f orbitals in order, their chemical properties are not uniform and each element has characteristic properties. Promotion of 5 - 6d electrons does not require a large amount of energy and examples of compounds with 77 acid ligands are known in which all the 5f, 60, 7s, and 7p orbitals participate in bonding. Trivalent compounds are the most common, but other oxidation states are not uncommon. Especially, thorium, protactinium, uranium, and neptunium tend to assume the +4 or higher oxidation state.
Gadolinium belongs to 4f series. Its atomic number is 64. Which of the following is the correct electronic configuration of Gadolinium?

A

`[Xe] 4f^(7) 5d^(1) 6s^2`

B

`[Xe] 4f^(6) 5d^(2) 6s^2`

C

`[Xe]4f^(8)6d^2`

D

`[Xe] 4f^(9) 5s^(1) `

Text Solution

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To determine the electronic configuration of Gadolinium (Gd), which has an atomic number of 64, we will follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Aufbau Principle The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy levels. The order of filling is generally: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. ### Step 2: Fill the Orbitals Up to Atomic Number 64 We will fill the orbitals according to the Aufbau principle until we reach the atomic number of Gadolinium, which is 64. 1. **1s²** → 2 electrons 2. **2s²** → 2 electrons 3. **2p⁶** → 6 electrons 4. **3s²** → 2 electrons 5. **3p⁶** → 6 electrons 6. **4s²** → 2 electrons 7. **3d¹⁰** → 10 electrons 8. **4p⁶** → 6 electrons 9. **5s²** → 2 electrons 10. **4d¹⁰** → 10 electrons 11. **5p⁶** → 6 electrons 12. **6s²** → 2 electrons 13. **4f⁷** → 7 electrons (for Gadolinium) 14. **5d¹** → 1 electron ### Step 3: Write the Electronic Configuration Now that we have filled the orbitals, we can write the electronic configuration for Gadolinium: - The configuration is: **[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²**. ### Conclusion The correct electronic configuration of Gadolinium (Gd) is **4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²**. ---
To determine the electronic configuration of Gadolinium (Gd), which has an atomic number of 64, we will follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Aufbau Principle The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy levels. The order of filling is generally: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. ### Step 2: Fill the Orbitals Up to Atomic Number 64 We will fill the orbitals according to the Aufbau principle until we reach the atomic number of Gadolinium, which is 64. ...
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