Assertion (A): Speciation is the process of formation of a new species from a pre-existing one.
Reason (R): Mutation plays a role in speciation

Options

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false and R is true.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Assertion**: The assertion states that "speciation is the process of formation of a new species from a pre-existing one." This means that speciation involves the evolution of new species from existing species over time.

- **Hint**: Think about how species evolve and change over generations.

2. **Understanding the Reason**: The reason provided is that "mutation plays a role in speciation." Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can lead to new traits. These new traits can contribute to the formation of new species when they provide advantages in survival or reproduction.

- **Hint**: Consider how genetic changes can lead to variations that may help organisms adapt to their environment.

3. **Evaluating the Assertion and Reason**: Both the assertion and the reason are correct. Speciation indeed involves the formation of new species from existing ones, and mutations are a key mechanism that drives this process by introducing genetic variation.

- **Hint**: Reflect on the relationship between genetic variation and the ability of species to adapt and evolve.

4. **Determining the Correct Option**: Since both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason provides a valid explanation for the assertion, the correct answer is that both the assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

- **Hint**: Review the definitions of assertion and reason to confirm their correctness and relevance to each other.

**Final Answer**: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

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