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Why is the flow of signals in a synapse ...

Why is the flow of signals in a synapse from axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron but not the reverse?

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This is because the chemical substance in the form of neurotransmitter is present only on one side of the gap. This chemical diffuses towards the dendrite end of next neuron where it generates an electrical signal. Since, the chemicals are absent at the dendritic end of neuron, the nerve impulse can go across only from one side. In it is ensured that nerve impulses travel in only one direction.
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