Consider the following environmental problems.
I. Air pollution
II. Eutrophication
III. Global warming
IV. Soil pollution
.V. Acid rain
Which of the following is an ill effect of overuse of fossil fuels?

Options

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. I, III and V
D. All of these

Answer

To determine which of the listed environmental problems are ill effects of the overuse of fossil fuels, we can analyze each option step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Environmental Problems**:
- The problems listed are:
I. Air pollution
II. Eutrophication
III. Global warming
IV. Soil pollution
V. Acid rain

2. **Analyze Each Problem**:
- **Air Pollution**:
- Air pollution is primarily caused by the combustion of fossil fuels (like coal and petroleum), which releases pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Hence, air pollution is a direct ill effect of overuse of fossil fuels.

- **Eutrophication**:
- Eutrophication is mainly caused by the runoff of nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus) from fertilizers into water bodies, leading to algal blooms. While agricultural activities can be linked to fossil fuel use (for machinery and fertilizers), eutrophication itself is not a direct ill effect of fossil fuel overuse.

- **Global Warming**:
- Global warming is significantly driven by the increase in greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, which is released from burning fossil fuels. Therefore, global warming is a direct ill effect of the overuse of fossil fuels.

- **Soil Pollution**:
- Soil pollution can result from various sources, including the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. While fossil fuels can contribute indirectly (through the production of fertilizers), soil pollution itself is not a direct consequence of fossil fuel overuse.

- **Acid Rain**:
- Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. These gases react with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids, leading to acid rain. Thus, acid rain is a direct ill effect of the overuse of fossil fuels.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The environmental problems that are direct ill effects of the overuse of fossil fuels are:
- I. Air pollution
- III. Global warming
- V. Acid rain

Therefore, the correct answer is **I, III, and V**.