Sigma bond is more stronger than pi bond because of

Options

A. large extent of overlapping in pi bond
B. small extent of overlapping in sigma bond
C. large extent of overlapping in sigma bond
D. (1) and (2)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Sigma and Pi Bonds:**
- Sigma (σ) bonds are formed by the head-on or end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals. This can occur between different types of orbitals, such as s-s, s-p, or p-p orbitals.
- Pi (π) bonds are formed by the lateral or side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

2. **Types of Overlapping:**
- **Sigma Bonding:**
- S-s overlapping: Involves two spherical s orbitals overlapping directly.
- S-p overlapping: Involves one spherical s orbital and one dumbbell-shaped p orbital overlapping.
- P-p overlapping: Involves two dumbbell-shaped p orbitals overlapping directly.
- **Pi Bonding:**
- Involves the side-to-side overlap of two p orbitals, which results in a smaller effective overlap area compared to sigma bonds.

3. **Strength Comparison:**
- The strength of a bond is directly related to the extent of overlap between the atomic orbitals.
- Sigma bonds have a larger extent of overlap compared to pi bonds due to their head-on overlap, which allows for a greater area of contact between the orbitals.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds because they involve a larger extent of overlapping, leading to a stronger bond formation.

5. **Correct Answer:**
- The correct reason for sigma bonds being stronger than pi bonds is due to the "large extent of overlapping in sigma bond."