This section contains assertion and reason type questions. Each question has 4 choice (1), (2),(3), and (4), out of which only one is correct.
Assertion (A) Carbon is tetravalent and forms covalent bond.
Reason ( R) Tetravalency can be explained in the terms of its electronic configuration and hybridisation of s- and p – orbitals.

Options

A. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion
B. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
C. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
D. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Answer

To solve the assertion and reason question, we will analyze both statements step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
The assertion states: "Carbon is tetravalent and forms covalent bonds."
- **Explanation**: Carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 electrons. The electronic configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p². This shows that carbon has 4 valence electrons (2 in the 2s orbital and 2 in the 2p orbital).
- **Tetravalency**: Tetravalency means that carbon can form four bonds. To achieve a stable electronic configuration (octet), carbon shares its valence electrons with other atoms, leading to the formation of covalent bonds.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
The reason states: "Tetravalency can be explained in terms of its electronic configuration and hybridization of s- and p-orbitals."
- **Explanation**: The tetravalency of carbon can indeed be explained by its electronic configuration. Carbon has 4 valence electrons and needs 4 more to complete its octet. This is achieved through hybridization, where one 2s and three 2p orbitals mix to form four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals. Each of these hybrid orbitals can form a covalent bond with other atoms.

### Conclusion
Both the assertion and the reason are correct. The reason provided explains why carbon is tetravalent based on its electronic configuration and hybridization.

### Final Answer
The correct option is (1): Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.

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