Petrol, diesel and kerosene oil found under the earth's crust and are obtained by

Options

A. sublimation method
B. liquefaction method
C. simple distillation
D. fractional distillation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Source:**
- Petrol, diesel, and kerosene oil are derived from petroleum, which is a fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that have been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years under the Earth's crust.

2. **Extraction of Petroleum:**
- Petroleum is extracted from underground reservoirs. This extraction process involves drilling into the Earth's crust to access the crude oil.

3. **Fractional Distillation:**
- Once petroleum is extracted, it undergoes a process called fractional distillation. This process separates the crude oil into various components based on their boiling points.

4. **Separation of Fractions:**
- In the fractional distillation process, the crude oil is heated in a fractionating column. As the temperature increases, different hydrocarbons vaporize at different temperatures and are collected at various levels of the column.
- The lighter fractions, such as petrol, have lower boiling points and are collected at the top, while heavier fractions, such as diesel and kerosene, are collected at lower levels.

5. **Final Products:**
- The main products obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum include petrol (gasoline), diesel, kerosene oil, and other hydrocarbons such as paraffin wax.

**Final Answer:**
Petrol, diesel, and kerosene oil are obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum, which is a fossil fuel derived from the remains of ancient vegetation buried under the Earth's crust.

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