Non-flowering plants reproduce by means of _________ .

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify Non-Flowering Plants**: Non-flowering plants are those that do not produce flowers. Examples include ferns (which are pteridophytes) and mosses (which are bryophytes).

2. **Understand Reproduction in Non-Flowering Plants**: Non-flowering plants reproduce differently compared to flowering plants. While flowering plants reproduce through seeds, non-flowering plants have a different method.

3. **Identify the Method of Reproduction**: Non-flowering plants reproduce by means of spores. Spores are reproductive units that can develop into a new organism.

...