Assertion (A): Damaged lymphocytes do not produce antibodies against antigens.
Reason (R): Injection of dead pathogens causes passive immunity.

Options

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C. A is true and R is false.
D. A is false and R is true.

Explanation

To analyze the assertion and reason provided in the question, let's break it down step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the Assertion
The assertion states: "Damaged lymphocytes do not produce antibodies against antigens."
- Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. There are two main types: T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
- B lymphocytes are responsible for producing antibodies against specific antigens. If these lymphocytes are damaged, they cannot function properly, which means they cannot produce antibodies.

### Step 2: Understand the Reason
The reason states: "Injection of dead pathogens causes passive immunity."
- Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, such as through maternal antibodies to a fetus or through antibody injections.
- The injection of dead pathogens (like vaccines) actually stimulates the immune system to produce its own antibodies, leading to active immunity, not passive immunity.

### Step 3: Evaluate the Truth of the Statements
- The assertion is true: Damaged lymphocytes indeed do not produce antibodies.
- The reason is false: Injection of dead pathogens leads to active immunity, not passive immunity.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the evaluation:
- The assertion is true, and the reason is false. Therefore, the correct option is that the assertion is true and the reason is false.

### Final Answer
Assertion (A) is true, and Reason (R) is false.

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