In case of chronic kidney failure, dialysis is the most effective treatment. How is it carried out? What purpose does it serve?

Explanation

Dialysis machine works on the principles of osmosis and ultrafiltration. It carries out the process of ultrafiltration which has to be carried out by kidneys in the normal course. High-concentration gradient is created between blood and dialyzing fluid. Osmosis takes place where the wastes from the blood are removed and electrolytes (ions) are passed into the blood through a semipermeable membrane. The process of diffusion continues in other cells of the body as well. Thus, the blood becomes free from wastes. In addition to removing wastes from blood, this process removes excess fluids. It also regulates the electrolytic balance in blood. That means, it performs the function of osmoregulation.