In ammonia the nitrogen atom is ... .......hybridised and it is expected to have a ............. shape but actual shape is..............

Options

A. `Sp^(3)`, pyramidal, tetra hedral
B. `Sp^(2)`, tetrahderal, pyramidal
C. `Sp^(2)`, tetrahedral pyramidal
D. `Sp^(3)` tetrahedral, pyramidal

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the hybridization and shape of the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH3), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Determine the hybridization of nitrogen in ammonia.
- The nitrogen atom in ammonia has three hydrogen atoms bonded to it and one lone pair of electrons.
- To find the hybridization, we can use the formula:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \text{Number of sigma bonds} + \text{Number of lone pairs} \]
- In NH3, there are 3 sigma bonds (from the N-H bonds) and 1 lone pair. Therefore:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = 3 + 1 = 4 \]
- The hybridization corresponding to 4 regions of electron density is \( sp^3 \).

### Step 2: Determine the expected shape based on hybridization.
- The \( sp^3 \) hybridization suggests a tetrahedral geometry because it arranges the electron pairs (3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair) to minimize repulsion.
- Thus, the expected shape based on hybridization is tetrahedral.

### Step 3: Determine the actual shape of ammonia.
- However, because one of the four regions of electron density is a lone pair, the actual shape of the molecule is not tetrahedral but trigonal pyramidal.
- The lone pair occupies more space and pushes the hydrogen atoms closer together, resulting in a pyramidal shape.

### Final Answer:
- In ammonia, the nitrogen atom is **sp³ hybridized**, it is expected to have a **tetrahedral shape**, but the actual shape is **trigonal pyramidal**.

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