Dead organisms are transformed into petroleum and natural gas in:

Options

A. absence of air
B. presence of air
C. presence of sunlight
D. none of the above

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the conditions under which dead organisms are transformed into petroleum and natural gas.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- Absence of air
- Presence of air
- Presence of sunlight
- None of the above

3. **Analyzing the Transformation Process**:
- The transformation of dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas occurs over millions of years.
- This process requires specific conditions, primarily involving high pressure and temperature.

4. **Considering the Role of Air**:
- The presence of air (oxygen) would lead to the decay of organic matter rather than its transformation into fossil fuels.
- Therefore, the transformation does not occur in the presence of air.

5. **Considering the Role of Sunlight**:
- Sunlight does not penetrate deep into the earth or ocean where these transformations occur.
- Thus, the presence of sunlight is not a factor in the formation of petroleum and natural gas.

6. **Conclusion**: The correct condition for the transformation of dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas is the **absence of air**.

7. **Final Answer**: The correct option is **Absence of air**.

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