Industries which contribute towards formation of acid rain are:

Options

A. Chemical plants
B. Automobile industries
C. Rubber processing industries
D. All of the above

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Acid Rain**:
Acid rain is a type of precipitation that contains high levels of sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids are formed when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) are released into the atmosphere.

2. **Sources of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides**:
- **Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)**: This gas is primarily produced by industries that burn fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. Major contributors include power plants, refineries, and metal smelting industries.
- **Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ)**: These gases are produced from combustion processes, particularly in vehicles and industrial facilities. The automobile industry is a significant source of nitrogen oxides.

3. **Formation of Acids**:
- When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere, they can react with water vapor to form sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃).
- The chemical reactions can be summarized as follows:
- SO₂ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric Acid)
- NO₂ + H₂O → HNO₃ (Nitric Acid)

4. **Industries Contributing to Acid Rain**:
- **Automobile Industry**: Contributes to the formation of nitrogen oxides.
- **Power Generation**: Often involves burning coal or oil, which releases sulfur dioxide.
- **Manufacturing Industries**: Various processes can emit both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

5. **Conclusion**:
The industries that contribute to the formation of acid rain include:
- Automobile industries (for nitrogen oxides)
- Power plants (for sulfur dioxide)
- Other manufacturing industries (for both types of oxides)

### Final Answer:
Industries that contribute towards the formation of acid rain include the automobile industry, power generation plants, and various manufacturing industries.

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