Which of these is a direct cause of water pollution ?

Options

A. Dry air and mud
B. Direct Spilling of oil in river and lake
C. Emission of fumes from vehicles
D. All of the above

Answer

To determine the direct cause of water pollution from the given options, we can analyze each option step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks for a direct cause of water pollution. This means we need to identify an option that leads to the contamination or degradation of water bodies.

2. **Evaluate Option 1: Dry Air and Mud**:
- Dry air and mud do not directly contribute to water pollution. While they may affect the environment, they do not contaminate water bodies.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect.

3. **Evaluate Option 2: Direct Spilling of Oil in River and Lake**:
- The direct spilling of oil, such as petroleum products or fossil fuels, into rivers and lakes is a significant cause of water pollution. This can lead to harmful effects on aquatic life and ecosystems.
- **Conclusion**: This option is a direct cause of water pollution and is correct.

4. **Evaluate Option 3: Emission of Fumes from Vehicles**:
- Emission of fumes from vehicles primarily contributes to air pollution. While these emissions can eventually affect water quality through acid rain or runoff, they do not directly pollute water bodies.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect.

5. **Evaluate Option 4: All of the Above**:
- Since we have identified that options 1 and 3 are incorrect, this option cannot be correct either.
- **Conclusion**: This option is incorrect.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 2: Direct spilling of oil in river and lake**.

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