List the anatomical adaptations of hydrophytes.

Explanation

Anatomical Adaptations :
1. Cuticle is totally absent in the submerged parts of the plants.
It may be present as very fine film on the surface of parts that are exposed to atmosphere.
2. Thin walled epidermal cells help in absorption and assimilation by having chloroplasts.
3. Stomata are totally absent in submerged forms or non functional as inPotamogetion. The floating leaves of Nelumbo possess stomata only on the upper surface (epistomatous).
4. Mechanical tissues like collenchyma and sclerenchyma are absent,because the plants are not exposed to stress adn strain.
5. Water is absorbed through all over the surface of plant body,so the xylem is poorly developed. But phloem is relatively better developed.
6. Aerenchyma present in all parts of all hydrophytes, provides buoyancy.