Give in detail the anatomical adaptations shown by xerophytes.

Explanation

Anatomical adaptations:
1. Epidermis is covered by thick cuticle to reduce transpiration.
2. Epidermal cells are thick walled and may have silica crystals.
3.Multilayered (multiple) epidermis is present as leaves of Nerium.
4. Leaves and stem of Calotropis consists of waxy coating.
5. Stomata are generally confined to lower epidermis of leaves (hypostomatous) and present in pits (sunken stomata) lined with hairs Eg: Nerium.
6. Mesophyll in leaves is very well differentiated into pallisade and spongy areuchyma.
7. Mechanical tissues are very well developed.
7. Vascular tissues are very well developed.