You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.
You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.
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The steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are
i) Collection of variability. ii) Evaluation and Selection of parents.
iii) Cross hybridisation among selected parents.
iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants.
v) Testing, release and commercialization of new cultivars.
i) Collection.of variability:
a) Genetic variability is important.for any breeding programme.
b) Pre-existing genetic variability available in wild varieties, a species and relatives ofcrop species is collected and preserved.
c) Evaluation of their characteristics is a pre-requisite for the effective exploitation of natural genes available in the population population.
d) The entire collection of plants / seeds having all diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called germplasm collection.
ii) Evaluation and selection of parents
a) It is carried out by evaluating germplasm to identify plants with desirable combination of characters.
b) The selected plant is multiplied and hybridized.
c) By self-pollination, purelines are created wherever desired.
iii) Cross hybridization among selected parents :
a) Cross hybridization is carried out to combine desired genetic characters from two different plants (parents).
b) Cross hybridization is a time consuming and tedious process as it involves collection of pollen grains from the desired plants and other pollination techniques to incorporate desired traits.
c) It is also not certain the hybrids combine desired characters. The chances of desirable combination is usually only one in few hundred to a thousand crosses carried out.
iv) Selection and testing of superior combinants :
a) This step consists of selection of plants among the progeny of the hybrids with desired combination of characters.
b) It yields plants that are superior to both of the parents. This is known as hybrid vigour/heterosis.
c) They are self pollinated for several generations till they reach a state of uniformity or homozygosity so that characters will not segregate in the progeny.
V. Testing, release and commercialization of new cultivars:
a) Evaluation is done for newly selected lines for their yield and other agronomic traits of quality, disease resistance, etc.
b) Selected plants, are grown in research fields and their performance is recorded under ideal fertilizer application - irrigation and other crop management practices.
c) Testing of hybrid line is done in farmer.s field after evaluation.
d) After testing, the crop is grown at different locations in the country with different agroclimatic zones for at least three growing seasons.
e) The tested material is evaluated in comparison to the best available local crop cultivar used as reference cultivar.
f) Release of tested material is done in bulk after selection and certification.
i) Collection of variability. ii) Evaluation and Selection of parents.
iii) Cross hybridisation among selected parents.
iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants.
v) Testing, release and commercialization of new cultivars.
i) Collection.of variability:
a) Genetic variability is important.for any breeding programme.
b) Pre-existing genetic variability available in wild varieties, a species and relatives ofcrop species is collected and preserved.
c) Evaluation of their characteristics is a pre-requisite for the effective exploitation of natural genes available in the population population.
d) The entire collection of plants / seeds having all diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called germplasm collection.
ii) Evaluation and selection of parents
a) It is carried out by evaluating germplasm to identify plants with desirable combination of characters.
b) The selected plant is multiplied and hybridized.
c) By self-pollination, purelines are created wherever desired.
iii) Cross hybridization among selected parents :
a) Cross hybridization is carried out to combine desired genetic characters from two different plants (parents).
b) Cross hybridization is a time consuming and tedious process as it involves collection of pollen grains from the desired plants and other pollination techniques to incorporate desired traits.
c) It is also not certain the hybrids combine desired characters. The chances of desirable combination is usually only one in few hundred to a thousand crosses carried out.
iv) Selection and testing of superior combinants :
a) This step consists of selection of plants among the progeny of the hybrids with desired combination of characters.
b) It yields plants that are superior to both of the parents. This is known as hybrid vigour/heterosis.
c) They are self pollinated for several generations till they reach a state of uniformity or homozygosity so that characters will not segregate in the progeny.
V. Testing, release and commercialization of new cultivars:
a) Evaluation is done for newly selected lines for their yield and other agronomic traits of quality, disease resistance, etc.
b) Selected plants, are grown in research fields and their performance is recorded under ideal fertilizer application - irrigation and other crop management practices.
c) Testing of hybrid line is done in farmer.s field after evaluation.
d) After testing, the crop is grown at different locations in the country with different agroclimatic zones for at least three growing seasons.
e) The tested material is evaluated in comparison to the best available local crop cultivar used as reference cultivar.
f) Release of tested material is done in bulk after selection and certification.
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