Depending upon the entering of differentiating electron into the atomic orbitals, the elements of long form of periodic table are divided into four blocks. They are s,p,d and f-blocks.
s-Block:
1 The elements, in which the differentiating electron enters the s-sub level are called s-block elements.
2. In this block, ther are two groups. They are IA and IIA
3.The valence electron configuration of elements of IA groupis `ns^(1)` and that of IIA is `ns^(2) `
4. The elements of IA are Alklali metals and IIA are Alkaline earth metals.
5. These are metals adn are higly reactive
p-Block:
1. The elements in whcih the difference electron enters the p-sub-level are called p-block elements
2.In this block, there are six groups. They are IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA , VIIA, and 0.
3. The valence electron configuration of the elements of these groups varies from `ns^(2) np^(1)` to `ns^(2) np^(6)`.
4.It includes metals, non metals, metalloids, noble gases.
d-Block
1. The elements in whcih the differentiating electron enters into d-sublevel are called d-block elements.
2. In this block, there are ten groups. They are IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB.
3.The general outer configuration of d- block elements is
`(n-1)d^(1-10)ns^(1-2)`
4. These elements are also known as Transition elements.
5. these ar all metals having hgh H.P. and B.P.
f-Block:
1.The elements in which the differentiating electron enters into f-orbital are called f-block elements.
2.In this blcok, there are 14 groups. They have no designation
3. Their general outer configuration is
`(n-2)f^(1-14)(n-1)d^(0-1)ns^(2)`
4. The f-block elements are arranged separately at the bottom in two rows.
5. The elements of first row are called lanthanides and in these elements the valence electron enters into 4f orbital.
6. The elements of second row are called actinides and in these elements the valence electron enters into 5f orbital.
7. All the f-block elements are also known as inner Transition elements.
8. There are all metals.
