Explain the hybridization involved in `PCl_(5)` molecule.

Explanation

Hybridisation : Intermixing of atomic orbitals of almost equal energies of an atom and their redistribution into an equal number of identical orbitals is called hybridisation . In the information of `PCl_(5)` molecule the central phosphorus atom undergoes `sp^(3)` d hybridisation
Ex. Formation of `PCl_(5)` molecule
Atomic number of `(P)=15`
:. ground state electron configuration
`=1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(2)3p^(3)`
Excited state configuration
= `1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(6)3s^(1)3p_(x)^(1)*3p_(y)^(1)3p_(z)^(1)3d^(1)`

In the formation of `PCl_(5)` molecule the central .P. atom undergoes `sp^(3)` d hybridization. In its excited state . As a result of which five `sp^(3)d` hybrid orbitals will form on it . All the five hybrid orbitals contain an electron, each Now, the five `sp^(3)` d hybrid orbitals overlap Head Head with half-filled `3p_(z)` orbitals of five chlorine atoms forming five sigma bonds . The shape of the molecule is trigonal bipyramidal with bond angles `120^(@)` and `90^(@)` .