The average energy of London forces is

Options

A. 1 to 2 kJ/mole
B. 1 to 10 kJ/mole
C. 10 to 20 kJ/mole
D. 20 to 30 kJ/mole

Answer

To solve the question regarding the average energy of London forces, we can break down the answer into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define London Forces**:
- London forces, also known as London dispersion forces, are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary fluctuations in electron density within non-polar molecules. These fluctuations create temporary dipoles that induce dipoles in neighboring molecules, leading to an attraction.

2. **Characteristics of London Forces**:
- They are classified as weak non-bonding interactions.
- They occur between non-polar molecules and are not due to electrostatic attraction or chemical bonding.

3. **Energy Range of London Forces**:
- The average energy associated with London forces typically ranges from 20 kJ/mol to 30 kJ/mol. This range indicates the strength of these forces in terms of energy.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the average energy of London forces can be stated as being approximately between 20 kJ/mol and 30 kJ/mol.

### Final Answer:
The average energy of London forces is approximately 20 kJ/mol to 30 kJ/mol.

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