The errors due to imperfect design or calibration of the measuring instrument are

Options

A. Random errors
B. Percent errros
C. Personal errors
D. Systematic errors

Answer

To solve the question regarding the errors due to imperfect design or calibration of measuring instruments, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the type of errors that arise from the imperfect design or calibration of measuring instruments.

2. **Identifying Types of Errors**: Errors in measurements can generally be classified into two categories: systematic errors and random errors. Systematic errors are consistent and repeatable inaccuracies that occur due to flaws in the measurement system.

3. **Defining Instrumental Errors**: Among the systematic errors, there is a specific type known as instrumental errors. These errors are caused by imperfections in the measuring instruments themselves, which can include design flaws, calibration issues, or limitations in the instrument's range or sensitivity.

4. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the errors due to imperfect design or calibration of measuring instruments are referred to as **instrumental errors**, and they fall under the category of **systematic errors**.

### Final Answer
The errors due to imperfect design or calibration of the measuring instrument are called **instrumental errors**, which are a type of **systematic error**.

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