Skidding occurs when the maximum frictional force of a flat road on a car is

Options

A. less than centripetal force required
B. more than centripetal force required
C. equal to centripetal force required
D. independent of centripetal force

Answer

To solve the question regarding when skidding occurs for a car on a flat road, we need to understand the relationship between frictional force and centripetal force.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Forces Involved**:
- When a car is turning, it requires a centripetal force to keep it moving in a circular path. This force is provided by the friction between the tires and the road.

2. **Identifying the Maximum Frictional Force**:
- The maximum frictional force that can act on the car is dependent on the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface and the normal force acting on the car (which is equal to its weight on a flat road).

3. **Condition for Skidding**:
- Skidding occurs when the available frictional force is not sufficient to provide the required centripetal force for the car to make the turn.

4. **Analyzing the Options**:
- Option 1: Less than the centripetal force required.
- Option 2: More than the centripetal force required.
- Option 3: Equal to the centripetal force required.
- Option 4: Independent of centripetal force.

5. **Conclusion**:
- For a car to skid, the maximum frictional force must be less than the required centripetal force. Therefore, the correct answer is:
- **Option 1: Less than the centripetal force required**.