Urine of a diabetes mellitus patient consists of

Options

A. no glucose
B. glucose
C. ketone bodies
D. both (2) and (3)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Diabetes Mellitus**:
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin by the body.

2. **Role of Insulin**:
- Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by the cells for energy production and to regulate blood sugar levels.

3. **Impact of Insulin Malfunction**:
- In diabetes mellitus, either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin. This leads to elevated levels of glucose in the blood.

4. **Glucose in Urine**:
- When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (the maximum concentration the kidneys can reabsorb), glucose spills over into the urine. This condition is known as glucosuria.

5. **Ketone Bodies in Urine**:
- In cases of prolonged hyperglycemia, the body may begin to break down fats for energy, leading to the production of ketone bodies. The presence of ketone bodies in urine is referred to as ketonuria.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the urine of a diabetes mellitus patient typically contains both glucose and ketone bodies due to the inability of the body to properly utilize glucose and the alternative fat metabolism that occurs.

7. **Final Answer**:
- The urine of a diabetes mellitus patient consists of both glucose and ketone bodies (Option D).